{"id":"W2029725525","doi":"10.1353/ken.2014.0029","title":"Redundant, Secretive, and Isolated: When Are Clinical Trials Scientifically Valid?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Dalhousie University","keywords":"Complicity; Scientific integrity; Harm; Research ethics; Engineering ethics; Clinical trial; Clinical Ethics; Scientific misconduct; Ethical issues; Research integrity; Law; Political science; Psychology; Sociology; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.1768236,0.0002694257,0.001593954,0.0003585159,0.0006169068,0.0002492206,0.0006052201,0.001865188,0.0002788369],"category_scores_gemma":[0.4454044,0.0002035666,0.0005799982,0.0003264738,0.004056352,0.0003148326,0.0003513844,0.01536328,0.0000410155],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007469364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002590306,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002793578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001613734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9888803,0.003581876,0.00359546,0.0007036717,0.00262883,0.0006099005],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8994958,0.08371404,0.00365618,0.001858604,0.008488675,0.002786731],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01241785,0.004183662,0.1499953,0.005193139,0.003439406,0.00149846,0.007142812,0.0001167718,0.02788383,0.6798828,0.0361941,0.07205194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.01511746,0.00601614,0.03138991,0.01005019,0.001117676,0.001956624,0.0007885167,0.003231865,0.00179418,0.6930792,0.2345811,0.0008770844],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6969262,0.001762522,0.07677704,0.1824231,0.01213936,0.001520523,0.00007821475,0.0001440009,0.02822897],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9575285,0.008760341,0.02467324,0.00365322,0.002223249,0.000005548538,0.00001235982,0.00005617657,0.003087423],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2685809,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7676941955245187,"score_gpt":0.6436633630035363,"score_spread":0.1240308325209823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}