{"id":"W2029725525","doi":"10.1353/ken.2014.0029","title":"Redundant, Secretive, and Isolated: When Are Clinical Trials Scientifically Valid?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal","topic":"Ethics in Clinical Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":28,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Dalhousie University","keywords":"Complicity; Scientific integrity; Harm; Research ethics; Engineering ethics; Clinical trial; Clinical Ethics; Scientific misconduct; Ethical issues; Research integrity; Law; Political science; Psychology; Sociology; Medicine; Alternative medicine; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.6279551,0.001474657,0.006152974,0.006988776,0.009527317,0.0400782,0.009792912,0.05032852,0.002370371],"category_scores_gemma":[0.906916,0.002419251,0.003673223,0.006285689,0.1057019,0.06038217,0.01397036,0.04015321,0.001304408],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0157832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0281161,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00237478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002300061,"domain_scores_codex":[0.1459432,0.657688,0.08129956,0.01730656,0.09299403,0.004768651],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.04120493,0.8701031,0.02945628,0.02963089,0.02634206,0.003262702],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00134022,0.0001245879,0.005807293,0.007037803,0.001331661,0.001295739,0.03951629,0.0006614791,0.0004833241,0.6157308,0.1367372,0.1899336],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004803431,0.0003876749,0.002878886,0.01105806,0.0005291858,0.001578882,0.009308591,0.002788886,0.00107988,0.8338615,0.1356585,0.0003896349],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00525964,0.03146333,0.02667941,0.9006955,0.02689933,0.0004177721,0.0001148192,0.0001173439,0.008352841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3127828,0.02151497,0.06213316,0.5136339,0.08392638,0.002865876,0.0002022171,0.0003960065,0.002544665],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9496715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4587976,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7676941955245187,"score_gpt":0.6436633630035363,"score_spread":0.1240308325209823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}