{"id":"W2029934102","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2008.05.027","title":"Effect of biofiltration as pretreatment on the fouling of nanofiltration membranes","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":24,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Biofilter; Nanofiltration; Membrane; Fouling; Chemistry; Chromatography; Membrane fouling; Pulp and paper industry; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002244106,0.00038315,0.0003804312,0.000151255,0.0003268871,0.0004843599,0.000234346,0.0004724883,0.001001325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005440719,0.0001897058,0.0003472323,0.0002076319,0.000308227,0.0003641312,0.0001736385,0.0004234851,0.0001621259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004657169,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005432407,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003778937,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003942949,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999799,0.00003908918,0.0000177592,0.00002754139,0.00004216258,0.00007450784],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996809,0.0001521918,0.00004508493,0.00003053783,0.00005428684,0.00003699259],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001125617,0.00009005465,0.0003941533,0.00006118944,0.00002034405,0.00005411244,0.0000525846,0.0002737833,0.9944558,0.00005547144,0.00008458109,0.003332328],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001602915,0.0002045278,0.002828075,0.000003949172,0.00001418781,0.00003351308,0.00002413389,0.0004951863,0.9959729,0.00001962755,0.0003810964,0.000006752273],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.998638,0.0004297075,0.0002702604,0.00005428174,0.00002880243,0.000005294854,0.00006526581,0.00001772978,0.0004906531],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986805,0.0002490837,0.0003873783,0.00003057397,0.000008050096,0.000003505502,0.0000769211,0.000008458583,0.0005554133],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003778937,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007513881,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00939072013886009,"score_gpt":0.2629060917256483,"score_spread":0.2535153715867882,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}