{"id":"W2030235507","doi":"10.1021/la902260j","title":"Surface Modification of Upconverting NaYF<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles with PEG−Phosphate Ligands for NIR (800 nm) Biolabeling within the Biological Window","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Langmuir","topic":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":437,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"PEG ratio; Surface modification; Nanoparticle; Chemistry; Phosphate; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001163428,0.000320931,0.0002109561,0.0001037206,0.0001231218,0.0002585292,0.0003067056,0.0003602315,0.0005426749],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002063058,0.0001530356,0.0002128263,0.00006962554,0.0002316551,0.0003502397,0.0001862787,0.0003024479,0.0002445495],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004290696,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001706902,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007981148,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009223463,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999386,0.000006985659,0.000004430296,0.00001436339,0.0000220647,0.00001352317],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999207,0.00001918916,0.00002463076,0.000008297522,0.00001665926,0.00001043575],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001133563,0.000003894337,0.00002452167,0.00001266507,0.000001036633,0.00001004517,0.000005158381,0.00004234088,0.9990993,0.00003843914,0.000008649231,0.0007426816],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002760725,0.00002796651,0.0001899405,8.334175e-7,0.000002595584,0.0000474389,0.000003350956,0.0004490658,0.9985964,0.00001740551,0.0006603689,0.00000196185],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9787115,0.0009340456,0.01828727,0.0001531541,0.00004378504,0.00004129567,0.00007268886,0.0001387066,0.001617483],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9727741,0.0007736346,0.02244073,0.00009218439,0.00001602194,0.0000596171,0.0001525252,0.00005287438,0.003638383],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0007981148,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003113091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03268253745399294,"score_gpt":0.2561341260279459,"score_spread":0.223451588573953,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}