{"id":"W2031364829","doi":"10.1021/ja021055z","title":"Proton Inventory Study of the Base-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Formamide. Consideration of the Nucleophilic and General Base Mechanisms","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of the American Chemical Society","topic":"Chemical Reaction Mechanisms","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Chemistry; Nucleophile; Oxyanion; Solvation; Hydroxide; Formamide; Kinetic isotope effect; Amide; Base (topology); Hydrate; Nucleophilic substitution; Medicinal chemistry; Solvent; Inorganic chemistry; Catalysis; Organic chemistry; Deuterium","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005039126,0.000437313,0.0003398272,0.0002394548,0.0001406129,0.0002325296,0.000372556,0.0002401047,0.00104354],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001146057,0.000206392,0.000266467,0.0002065617,0.0002644054,0.0004974083,0.0001656976,0.0003521274,0.0002124646],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004774864,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002194757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002380166,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001685078,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998375,0.00003599287,0.000009088593,0.0000344214,0.00005919655,0.00002373737],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996548,0.0001247705,0.00008226275,0.00001829292,0.00008715101,0.0000328851],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006333732,0.00002825389,0.001461567,0.0001482124,0.00004114322,0.00008476164,0.00008761622,0.00213765,0.9900253,0.0001508468,0.00006252179,0.005138704],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002705718,0.0005561676,0.007937316,0.00000763362,0.00003038482,0.0002151636,0.00005180115,0.01178083,0.9785181,0.00007500075,0.0007752612,0.00002524242],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9933062,0.0008944752,0.004239645,0.00002703846,0.000006501855,0.00002469523,0.0003418498,0.00006135253,0.001098251],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968652,0.0004961121,0.001909125,0.0000108377,0.00000387614,0.00001480813,0.0002538343,0.00001025736,0.0004358791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002380166,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004732668,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01347668112025067,"score_gpt":0.2367118511238472,"score_spread":0.2232351700035965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}