{"id":"W2032395026","doi":"10.1109/aps.2013.6711645","title":"An analytical model for HF radar ionospheric clutter","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Clutter; Ionosphere; Radar horizon; Radar; Radar cross-section; Geology; Bistatic radar; Physics; Dipole; Remote sensing; Geophysics; Radar imaging; Computer science; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005391422,0.00008813722,0.0001152313,0.00001573691,0.00003957386,0.00008198478,0.00008235934,0.00005239416,0.000187574],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002999008,0.00007014089,0.00004039199,0.00004958513,0.000008701408,0.0002847443,0.000004499115,0.00004748092,0.0000659427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001993378,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008409381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002595975,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003443707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994845,0.000003766499,0.0001488884,0.0001079362,0.00007090616,0.0001839406],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997355,0.00001318456,0.000008263728,0.0001253695,0.0000311963,0.00008647673],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000005965221,0.0000539383,0.0002977543,0.0003898088,0.00007684077,0.000002132299,0.0005045779,0.8427044,0.01460986,0.003355421,0.09927785,0.03872144],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001136648,0.00001262627,0.00006098978,0.000005807719,0.000005121926,0.000001803054,0.00004111014,0.9974792,0.000281537,0.0008127576,0.001071022,0.0001143659],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.0658121,0.00008368159,0.9257262,0.00007735918,0.00007543663,0.0001570208,0.000001241406,0.0002091629,0.007857796],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.969111,0.000001449736,0.02905153,0.0001332427,0.0001107564,0.00002497296,0.000002493405,0.00002618913,0.001538332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9032989,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2860262,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01768286270804346,"score_gpt":0.2362404576727546,"score_spread":0.2185575949647111,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}