{"id":"W2032430765","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1304838110","title":"High flight costs, but low dive costs, in auks support the biomechanical hypothesis for flightlessness in penguins","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":234,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University; University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Wing; Bird flight; Pelagic zone; Seabird; Biology; Wing loading; Fishery; Aeronautics; Ecology; Engineering; Aerospace engineering; Angle of attack","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000168693,0.0002550517,0.0002469047,0.0005956193,0.0003379541,0.0004177956,0.0002462662,0.0003115129,0.002056468],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009461346,0.0001154576,0.0002685691,0.0003022193,0.0003656533,0.0003418878,0.0003346456,0.0003422753,0.0001637263],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003575264,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001157168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007260035,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01525909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999197,0.00001706222,0.00000986061,0.00002796704,0.00001291175,0.00001256551],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991753,0.0002226182,0.0003149162,0.00007498757,0.00006436226,0.0001478582],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005772138,0.00009957283,0.8824552,0.0002324775,0.0003126842,0.0004338986,0.0003345096,0.001180446,0.09221222,0.0005076362,0.0003388488,0.02131522],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002246527,0.00005248996,0.9983528,0.000003514942,0.00001443678,0.0001412808,0.00008083387,0.0004164746,0.000637459,0.0001569699,0.0001372198,0.000004401318],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991236,0.0001576066,0.0001878738,0.00002851309,0.000002088756,0.000001613186,0.0000953935,0.000005214628,0.0003980423],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993685,0.00004409174,0.0002510151,0.0000253436,0.000003335726,0.000003469006,0.0001196309,0.000002691743,0.0001818822],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007260035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01443553,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02828875325800879,"score_gpt":0.2519937020855492,"score_spread":0.2237049488275404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}