{"id":"W2033305154","doi":"10.1029/2012je004053","title":"The dielectric permittivity of terrestrial ground ice formations: Considerations for planetary exploration using ground‐penetrating radar","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","topic":"Planetary Science and Exploration","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Ottawa; Western University","funders":"Eurostars","keywords":"Ground-penetrating radar; Geology; Mars Exploration Program; Permittivity; Geophysics; Dielectric permittivity; Martian; Dielectric; Geomorphology; Landform; Arctic; Permafrost; Radar; Astrobiology; Materials science; Oceanography; Physics; Aerospace engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001720407,0.0001090012,0.0002100025,0.00003059368,0.0008870228,0.0002014613,0.0001876653,0.00003499278,0.00001974644],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003783086,0.00007506251,0.0001270517,0.0003101395,0.0001607877,0.002832297,0.00002999775,0.0003494325,0.000009402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004426201,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003311565,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006433997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006156602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979501,0.000312781,0.0005400035,0.00009627007,0.0006630425,0.0004377925],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959779,0.003008235,0.0003929159,0.0001410111,0.0003471111,0.0001328246],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003621821,0.004567659,0.06606691,0.0002873445,0.001847296,0.00001531615,0.01661524,0.008653028,0.4593821,0.2391451,0.01930284,0.1804954],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00761355,0.006583429,0.2340732,0.0005313474,0.0005043427,0.00008256135,0.04273871,0.1454351,0.0160441,0.5325484,0.0124219,0.001423304],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9905474,0.0002575815,0.00803571,0.00029926,0.0002673113,0.000351677,0.00002264215,0.000003921004,0.0002144869],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9948627,0.00002231286,0.003378416,0.00001025511,0.001634756,0.00001196996,0.00004558596,0.000007248398,0.00002671199],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.443338,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6822352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1125316254875199,"score_gpt":0.3462153603037487,"score_spread":0.2336837348162288,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}