{"id":"W2033423262","doi":"10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.010","title":"Measuring physical and hydraulic properties of peat from X-ray tomography","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geoderma","topic":"Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Guelph; Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"","keywords":"Permafrost; Peat; Sphagnum; Tundra; Bulk density; Soil science; Geology; Moisture; Volume (thermodynamics); Porosity; Water content; Hydrology (agriculture); Soil water; Environmental science; Mineralogy; Arctic; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering; Geography; Meteorology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004053783,0.00007946251,0.0001361554,0.00001858383,0.00005179158,0.000009654987,0.00008896332,0.00003095573,0.00007312575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005617833,0.00005928463,0.00003730671,0.00006436303,0.00009969521,0.00008750132,0.00005314294,0.00005301509,0.00002297062],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008868984,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002003991,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000314997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005926127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994468,0.00002087109,0.0000881649,0.0001695688,0.0001162247,0.0001583696],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997885,0.000009955585,0.00002976981,0.000117169,0.00000275659,0.00005190305],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006222701,0.0002654244,0.5615156,0.00001022097,0.00002765387,0.00001472114,0.003011371,0.0004839476,0.4029811,0.00002576506,0.0008997545,0.03070228],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002942521,0.0000911121,0.9824363,0.00001134761,0.00001324789,0.000003152889,0.00002965803,0.001593543,0.01359828,0.0008882436,0.0009378879,0.000102986],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9953583,0.0001597507,0.00002109119,0.0003234293,0.00001967025,0.00005904493,0.000002610517,0.0000189609,0.004037128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995692,0.00001937741,0.00009081032,0.000221867,0.00004152401,0.00000286689,0.000002941739,0.000003304763,0.00004813519],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4209208,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2417557,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01531593169089816,"score_gpt":0.1905517809086665,"score_spread":0.1752358492177683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}