{"id":"W2033678552","doi":"10.1177/0013164409344548","title":"The Impact of Outliers on Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha Estimate of Reliability: Ordinal/Rating Scale Item Responses","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational and Psychological Measurement","topic":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Cronbach's alpha; Outlier; Categorical variable; Ordinal data; Statistics; Likert scale; Mathematics; Econometrics; Reliability (semiconductor); Sample (material); Rating scale; Psychology; Psychometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.2349381,0.001367934,0.002252339,0.004011393,0.001685933,0.003515607,0.001865773,0.001717782,0.001096761],"category_scores_gemma":[0.673364,0.001537164,0.00231982,0.005022848,0.00538587,0.003676472,0.003403699,0.004681607,0.0006833184],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002172529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001541218,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003054631,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002215591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.6485559,0.272423,0.01771374,0.01437103,0.04497788,0.001958389],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.1683448,0.7197886,0.02839601,0.04657044,0.03605353,0.0008465383],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.003311686,0.0004248194,0.4238647,0.002575114,0.006758851,0.001175733,0.02514847,0.0568971,0.007098335,0.06567974,0.01707786,0.3899876],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005454983,0.003308326,0.4327799,0.003803499,0.002876073,0.003983109,0.007874336,0.2882398,0.03342257,0.179863,0.04200542,0.001298519],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2405229,0.004403801,0.7396466,0.002160801,0.0008428625,0.0007223861,0.0005052238,0.0009265595,0.01026884],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8805726,0.0005458063,0.1155273,0.0006674029,0.0001529904,0.0009533029,0.0003851949,0.0004763059,0.0007190965],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7650619,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9434575,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2803599964946322,"score_gpt":0.5147372816258765,"score_spread":0.2343772851312443,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}