{"id":"W2034311155","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2004.12.004","title":"Outsourcing and technology spillovers","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Review of Economics & Finance","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Outsourcing; Spillover effect; Marginal cost; Wage; Economics; Balance (ability); Low wage; Knowledge process outsourcing; Labour economics; Industrial organization; Business; Microeconomics; Marketing","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003192186,0.0001386899,0.0004659235,0.000184666,0.00003020434,0.00002225828,0.0003670823,0.00007763148,0.0002190037],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001201453,0.0001777619,0.00009912352,0.00009827052,0.00008954202,0.0003175736,0.000101663,0.0001054039,0.0004017731],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001414026,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001907614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002495925,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000151052,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985977,0.000002851512,0.000854506,0.000350231,0.00001280957,0.0001819243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990357,0.00002549816,0.0006030752,0.0002575732,0.0000421819,0.00003597476],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000456296,0.00003455015,0.01566188,0.0001954988,0.00005246922,6.661936e-7,0.00002157721,0.0003158989,0.000004150912,0.965153,0.001398065,0.01715772],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003472611,0.00002916199,0.002893343,0.0005759911,0.000006001043,0.00002161523,0.00001157757,0.003366856,0.0001145783,0.03363364,0.9587679,0.0002320985],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6039065,0.1805557,0.0005662429,0.03727987,0.00120366,0.0004182954,0.0004421904,0.00004823574,0.1755793],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7652752,0.2288387,0.003419123,0.001766988,0.0001211608,0.00001468944,0.00001214917,0.00001567021,0.0005363212],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9573698,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.724892,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03115876610776828,"score_gpt":0.2291804964647118,"score_spread":0.1980217303569435,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}