{"id":"W2034348721","doi":"10.2166/wst.2010.068","title":"Cellular biopolymers and molecular structure of a secondary pulp and paper mill sludge verified by spectroscopy and chemical extraction techniques","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Science & Technology","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Lignin; Cellulose; Pulp (tooth); Chemistry; Extraction (chemistry); Extracellular polymeric substance; Paper mill; Pulp and paper industry; Pulp mill; Polysaccharide; Chemical composition; Chromatography; Chemical engineering; Waste management; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"bench_or_experimental","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"bench_or_experimental","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007445979,0.00009969582,0.0001014029,0.0002223691,0.00005537073,0.00002085974,0.0001042985,0.0002241791,0.00003016346],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005849691,0.00007631141,0.000008267736,0.0001850761,0.001089818,0.0001745901,0.00007557718,0.0002755562,4.806171e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009897669,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007008861,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007382434,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.769182e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993797,0.000003186568,0.00009534517,0.0002647177,0.00007386522,0.0001831906],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997583,0.000001678995,0.00001640107,0.0001582532,0.00001912819,0.00004621376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003643952,0.000003923865,0.00007737336,0.00003003597,0.000002158807,0.000001167212,0.0000609676,2.947808e-8,0.9958332,0.00006164631,0.00003366189,0.003892218],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009522621,0.00004073619,0.00002572701,0.000002792917,0.000005007998,0.00006392231,0.00007687627,0.00007110315,0.9947106,0.0005237233,0.004285331,0.00009892339],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9981107,0.0004222202,0.0002891426,0.0007033026,0.0001363029,0.00009296861,0.000005475772,0.0001614381,0.00007842528],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9959775,0.00008930908,0.00386454,0.00004116737,0.000009755593,0.000002045017,0.00000277386,0.000007059513,0.000005817158],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004251669,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4015481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.001899414955212517,"score_gpt":0.1867871278047412,"score_spread":0.1848877128495287,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}