{"id":"W2034357467","doi":"10.5194/angeo-21-1839-2003","title":"Turbulence characteristics inside ionospheric small-scale expanding structures observed with SuperDARN HF radars","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Annales Geophysicae","topic":"Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Ionosphere; Physics; Geophysics; Turbulence; Scattering; Computational physics; Plasma; Ionospheric heater; Incoherent scatter; Meteorology; Optics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006746588,0.0004307559,0.0004438747,0.00001915191,0.0002903941,0.0001410359,0.0002878903,0.00006872886,0.0005513901],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007359752,0.000372711,0.0001654142,0.0003289235,0.0001399966,0.0002774192,0.00006009338,0.0003098095,0.0000917416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002822022,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001502397,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003045092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004317292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982508,0.00007670116,0.0003312085,0.0005124328,0.0002257504,0.00060315],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998906,0.00007387285,0.0001983017,0.0005015797,0.0001426507,0.0001776307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003562425,0.001508966,0.6398368,0.0003594981,0.001060212,0.0001084753,0.004659118,0.001837399,0.01223644,0.1265395,0.002511184,0.2089862],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007688332,0.002304867,0.6736336,0.0006289021,0.0009211049,0.00005659855,0.01265339,0.004670139,0.04789595,0.08101568,0.1607455,0.007785848],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9854437,0.0001192964,0.003933843,0.00004905828,0.0002444781,0.0002649814,0.0000477372,0.00008579934,0.009811095],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924808,0.00002165721,0.00500607,0.0001641635,0.0003526909,0.0000363664,0.0001410261,0.0000661939,0.001731058],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2012003,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998725,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01231226443101166,"score_gpt":0.2060977853183165,"score_spread":0.1937855208873048,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}