{"id":"W2034373870","doi":"10.1016/j.envpol.2013.02.009","title":"Within- and among-population level differences in response to chronic copper exposure in southern toads, Anaxyrus terrestris","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Pollution","topic":"Amphibian and Reptile Biology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":29,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"National Research Council Canada; University of Georgia Research Foundation; National Nuclear Security Administration; University of Georgia; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Metamorphosis; Larva; Amphibian; Biology; Survivorship curve; Population; Ecology; Zoology; Copper; Tadpole (physics); Chemistry; Demography","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001186875,0.0001933068,0.0002437938,0.000643986,0.0004690259,0.0003925612,0.0002374484,0.0002493972,0.00129302],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002813777,0.0001469079,0.0001356979,0.0003327641,0.0005532354,0.0001890527,0.0003387926,0.000234228,0.0001318725],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003591967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001879409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01665292,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04408955,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998798,0.00002008302,0.000004648283,0.00005372896,0.00001416002,0.00002749239],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997087,0.00005043108,0.000073287,0.00002180458,0.00005225008,0.00009357973],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007780589,0.0002751766,0.9125775,0.00003036665,0.0001252421,0.0002270351,0.002007124,0.0001998978,0.0799747,0.0001167076,0.0001513905,0.003536815],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002428752,0.0001119202,0.998868,9.143765e-7,0.000009351891,0.0000432279,0.0005777415,0.00007116244,0.0002291458,0.00001653976,0.00006788807,0.000001708267],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9998785,0.000009257752,0.00001026493,0.000003712771,6.783534e-7,6.718591e-7,0.00002287107,0.00000101138,0.00007289583],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996212,0.00001329681,0.00002161867,0.000006755125,0.000001089288,0.000003281437,0.00006062475,0.000001021093,0.0002712255],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01665292,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03311199,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01052636280085269,"score_gpt":0.1968362097285548,"score_spread":0.1863098469277021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}