{"id":"W2035292142","doi":"10.1039/c3lc51255j","title":"Out-of-plane ion concentration polarization for scalable water desalination","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Lab on a Chip","topic":"Nanopore and Nanochannel Transport Studies","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of Ontario Institute of Technology","funders":"Grand Challenges Canada","keywords":"Desalination; Water desalination; Ion; Polarization (electrochemistry); Concentration polarization; Scalability; Membrane; Volumetric flow rate; Planar; Multiplexing; Materials science; Chemistry; Mechanics; Optoelectronics; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Physics; Computer science; Electronic engineering; Chromatography; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005830175,0.0000817451,0.0001040748,0.00003473473,0.00004339137,0.00001087968,0.00003395947,0.0000557638,0.00004567636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000005857997,0.00006310852,0.00002666796,0.00004575522,0.00001052699,0.0001171098,0.000002376839,0.00003330917,0.00005060187],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001704613,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002943226,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001480754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001208398,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995365,0.000005833448,0.0001548085,0.00008268804,0.00007870725,0.0001415215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998085,0.00001904694,0.0000188418,0.00006804935,0.00006430932,0.00002123733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004188845,0.00006919871,0.003334451,0.0002984997,0.00006648573,4.723541e-7,0.00177799,0.002893573,0.9818674,0.003604879,0.001771315,0.004273845],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005745158,0.0001058756,0.003657082,0.00003933869,0.00001899839,1.890822e-7,0.00002681082,0.005971021,0.9855646,0.001006585,0.002905264,0.0001297201],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979036,0.0001013839,0.01726407,0.0002024955,0.0007417758,0.0006035141,0.00002546244,0.0001665915,0.001858737],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987941,0.00003320318,0.0003764983,0.00004162615,0.00008409879,0.00005168579,0.0002733719,0.00001577041,0.0003296448],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01975814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2573491,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01228001917593423,"score_gpt":0.2075493803680724,"score_spread":0.1952693611921381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}