{"id":"W2035451548","doi":"10.1007/s00348-007-0356-5","title":"Fiber-optic probe measurements of void fraction and bubble size distributions beneath breaking waves","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Experiments in Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":82,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Bubble; Mechanics; Porosity; Optics; Breaking wave; Materials science; Physics; Wave propagation; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00026123,0.0001345511,0.0001583073,0.00008058635,0.0000560441,0.00002044093,0.00007037974,0.00007272449,0.00004563186],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000380612,0.0001470133,0.00002929849,0.000147776,0.00002931408,0.0001485766,0.00003812669,0.00009972976,0.000004543759],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002432417,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001343435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008538128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001608283,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991021,0.00001064962,0.0002963353,0.0001541783,0.0001796617,0.0002571095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996967,0.00004179678,0.00002542665,0.000148486,0.00003145709,0.0000561053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001668318,0.0001105446,0.005890027,0.00006007213,0.00005177645,0.000005755657,0.0008502888,0.0008432065,0.9854017,0.0006251702,0.00004896587,0.006095813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001519229,0.000119373,0.05201719,0.000311258,0.00002897347,0.0000153819,0.0004925242,0.02276987,0.9208188,0.0004473817,0.0009451374,0.0005149054],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9788313,0.001290837,0.01591043,0.000005183075,0.0002355204,0.0001794405,0.000009262088,0.00006726309,0.00347078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9864723,0.00002289688,0.01332118,0.000005136041,0.00003485335,0.00001503703,0.00001237474,0.00002281728,0.00009337914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06458291,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5995026,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01605075147469988,"score_gpt":0.2603572237352065,"score_spread":0.2443064722605066,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}