{"id":"W2035833348","doi":"10.1088/0031-9155/53/6/002","title":"Benchmarking EGSnrc in the kilovoltage energy range against experimental measurements of charged particle backscatter coefficients","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","field":"Medicine","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Backscatter (email); Range (aeronautics); Physics; Monte Carlo method; Computational physics; Benchmark (surveying); Energy (signal processing); Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003632148,0.00009466446,0.0002682373,0.00006290634,0.00003868809,0.000001059862,0.00006733881,0.0000498761,0.00004497467],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002640378,0.00005873941,0.00002692651,0.0002193511,0.0002352471,0.00002869966,0.00001412006,0.0001017351,0.000001531844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000213097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001670529,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000956779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004884968,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991649,0.0001229962,0.0002541628,0.0001577101,0.0001353193,0.0001648808],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996414,0.0000964362,0.00006803017,0.0001343974,0.00002489041,0.00003483678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002430634,0.0005929579,0.683875,0.00001961728,0.00003168622,0.00001258357,0.00527206,0.000009844295,0.300376,0.000430533,0.0004270252,0.008709588],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.04074569,0.005521927,0.6274535,0.0006520581,0.0001091907,0.00008421628,0.00516057,0.004944351,0.3057121,0.001021948,0.007878317,0.0007161776],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9963074,0.001575237,0.0002506233,0.0005578916,0.0001064929,0.0001321771,0.000001461517,0.000004800077,0.001063959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9953648,0.0002568487,0.00004123845,0.004040961,0.0002364588,0.00001516553,0.00002721765,0.000005512365,0.00001179428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05642156,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2395324,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2640219474956372,"score_gpt":0.3819747090534263,"score_spread":0.1179527615577891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}