{"id":"W2035833348","doi":"10.1088/0031-9155/53/6/002","title":"Benchmarking EGSnrc in the kilovoltage energy range against experimental measurements of charged particle backscatter coefficients","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics in Medicine and Biology","topic":"Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry","field":"Medicine","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Backscatter (email); Range (aeronautics); Physics; Monte Carlo method; Computational physics; Benchmark (surveying); Energy (signal processing); Computer science; Statistics; Mathematics; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002488481,0.0005071945,0.0005233036,0.00105961,0.0003256155,0.0007534802,0.0009319839,0.0005502349,0.0009832905],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008456015,0.0002181122,0.0004521995,0.001803364,0.0003593029,0.0005770477,0.0005861826,0.0003049597,0.000330886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001147374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006628491,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00425797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006277028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979305,0.0004254436,0.000114688,0.0001473586,0.001290681,0.00009131604],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959997,0.00233926,0.0001893225,0.0003681712,0.001055983,0.00004752737],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001120856,0.0001807126,0.0321747,0.0005802629,0.0002140017,0.0003924602,0.0002509908,0.7798684,0.0950986,0.005492514,0.002894732,0.08173185],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009566084,0.0006536518,0.0179923,0.0001267624,0.00009958335,0.0006241468,0.000173175,0.5079081,0.4637336,0.001812215,0.006679614,0.0001012112],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8901573,0.002724207,0.08671851,0.0003166247,0.00006886372,0.00009685,0.001505919,0.002695179,0.01571663],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9659711,0.0008245113,0.03067629,0.00008411844,0.000008084967,0.00005770199,0.001247989,0.0004142694,0.0007160101],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00425797,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01316047,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2640219474956372,"score_gpt":0.3819747090534263,"score_spread":0.1179527615577891,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}