{"id":"W2036004080","doi":"10.2118/122783-ms","title":"Diffusion of Hydrocarbon Gases in Heavy Oil and Bitumen","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference","topic":"Hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir analysis","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Canada Research Chairs; Porous Media Laboratory","keywords":"Diffusion; Effective diffusion coefficient; Thermodynamics; Work (physics); Diffusion process; Hydrocarbon; Asphalt; Thermal diffusivity; Solvent; Gaseous diffusion; Mass transfer; Soil vapor extraction; Materials science; Mass transfer coefficient; Petroleum engineering; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Physical chemistry; Physics; Geology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000181465,0.0002219137,0.000202597,0.000574003,0.0001743226,0.0005010859,0.0002314544,0.0002677226,0.0009652767],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000507659,0.0001172269,0.0001306373,0.0002866307,0.0003263331,0.0005664075,0.0002965025,0.0003018565,0.000158138],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005334136,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003150351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006020276,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002614574,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999474,0.000006908576,0.000003381632,0.00001278281,0.00001704949,0.00001247123],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998358,0.0000869031,0.00002375629,0.000007918026,0.00003281711,0.00001279678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000381651,0.00003162409,0.004648275,0.0001224211,0.00001112153,0.000194202,0.0001274254,0.01179159,0.9718009,0.00132094,0.000094781,0.009475078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002138723,0.0001312376,0.003997122,0.0000150541,0.00001503616,0.0001748191,0.0001035364,0.1574344,0.8361686,0.0004787311,0.001432602,0.00002733103],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914718,0.0006884757,0.006982374,0.00005974998,0.0000124713,0.0000120291,0.0001369047,0.00005074698,0.0005852548],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.994224,0.0004204009,0.0040094,0.000009166816,0.000002263761,0.000008115497,0.00009161516,0.00001410316,0.001220879],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006020276,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01197046,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00636411554735475,"score_gpt":0.1960664771551276,"score_spread":0.1897023616077728,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}