{"id":"W2036040528","doi":"10.1007/s40258-014-0102-0","title":"Estimating the Costs of Opioid Abuse and Dependence from an Employer Perspective: a Retrospective Analysis Using Administrative Claims Data","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Health Economics and Health Policy","topic":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","field":"Medicine","cited_by":65,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Purdue Pharma (Canada)","funders":"Purdue Pharma; Purdue University","keywords":"Absenteeism; Health economics; Medicine; Propensity score matching; Health care; Psychiatry; Medical prescription; Population; Health administration; Public health; Indirect costs; Family medicine; Environmental health; Psychology; Business; Nursing; Economics; Social psychology; Surgery","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007969739,0.0002299495,0.0008852944,0.0002028704,0.0004281867,0.00004364079,0.0001714487,0.00007968752,0.000007100135],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003371715,0.0001911521,0.00003907278,0.0002584647,0.0001708207,0.0001130098,0.00009352818,0.0002349128,0.000001303416],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009236004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001874337,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.07329719,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01146731,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980226,0.00009189651,0.0006283831,0.0007298655,0.0001022172,0.0004250927],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978142,0.0001520498,0.0006067305,0.0008994511,0.00006683569,0.0004606753],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006470042,0.001133879,0.3382793,0.00090586,0.002492561,0.000002327231,0.1602703,0.001005497,0.00003383922,0.4447673,0.0001672527,0.05029489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002909139,0.001349969,0.7932772,0.0001360113,0.0004571005,0.00001330906,0.01246794,0.176362,0.00001684565,0.01248293,0.000209416,0.0003181552],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821416,0.000808205,0.001398297,0.01368024,0.00003703897,0.001149786,0.0004887156,0.00002341234,0.0002727774],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9750305,0.00215007,0.01680479,0.005491521,0.0002643592,0.00002846641,0.0001986205,0.00002909886,0.000002593245],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4549979,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9328738,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0896033818178394,"score_gpt":0.4390414433816094,"score_spread":0.3494380615637701,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}