{"id":"W2036176659","doi":"10.1016/j.memsci.2004.06.062","title":"Flow visualization through spacer filled channels by computational fluid dynamics-II: improved feed spacer designs","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Membrane Science","topic":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":72,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Computational fluid dynamics; Pressure drop; Mechanics; Visualization; Flow visualization; Work (physics); Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Reduction (mathematics); Volumetric flow rate; Channel (broadcasting); Fluid dynamics; Regular polygon; Geometry; Mechanical engineering; Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002568565,0.0003374648,0.0004517286,0.0002310081,0.000253641,0.0007033136,0.0004665829,0.0005815562,0.001253492],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000589386,0.0002215771,0.0002212967,0.0002109066,0.000292974,0.0008126535,0.000448149,0.0004854492,0.0001170927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003837185,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005660151,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005503834,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000535957,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999905,0.0000229888,0.000007011515,0.00001852704,0.00002791962,0.00001857402],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996872,0.0001423674,0.00004321779,0.00004851522,0.0000418085,0.00003688074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001060195,0.0002082301,0.001896994,0.0001575318,0.00001337617,0.0001664749,0.0001636325,0.05837996,0.8950964,0.003467297,0.000517742,0.03887216],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008850096,0.0001717533,0.0008300092,0.00001311681,0.00001036344,0.00007288435,0.00003362586,0.5280504,0.468831,0.0007783548,0.001090227,0.00002976933],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8494335,0.0001866539,0.1474343,0.0002026118,0.00005240269,0.00003431775,0.0001747813,0.001107359,0.001374043],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9117642,0.0001250071,0.08735077,0.0000261375,0.000007950177,0.00003412525,0.00008516278,0.0001200597,0.000486622],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001253492,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004193306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02242961673344293,"score_gpt":0.3012902102528198,"score_spread":0.2788605935193769,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}