{"id":"W2036673744","doi":"10.2118/133376-ms","title":"Biodiesel as Surfactant Additive in Steam Assisted Recovery of Heavy-Oil and Bitumen","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Western Regional Meeting","topic":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","field":"Chemistry","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Asphalt; Oil sands; Biodiesel; Pulp and paper industry; Pulmonary surfactant; Enhanced oil recovery; Steam injection; Waste management; Chemical engineering; Surface tension; Environmental science; Petroleum engineering; Materials science; Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Composite material; Geology; Catalysis; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001851205,0.0002869142,0.0002512658,0.00033673,0.000117718,0.0001856032,0.000253531,0.0001876149,0.0008666203],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001850872,0.0001157965,0.0002662087,0.000274848,0.0001271936,0.0002307585,0.0002122256,0.0002886147,0.0002081792],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001386667,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001819392,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002009986,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004946075,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998769,0.0000184604,0.00001213216,0.00001489513,0.00005295492,0.0000246538],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999012,0.00001780249,0.00002835599,0.000007272856,0.00003127863,0.00001419869],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001310939,0.00003228187,0.0002075698,0.00008993444,0.000007704199,0.00006416289,0.00002356067,0.000188498,0.9963385,0.00002959572,0.00001954152,0.002867431],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002909316,0.0001545477,0.0005305455,0.000003705539,0.000007959656,0.00002488148,0.00001243948,0.0004981299,0.9984127,0.000003592628,0.000346092,0.000002471022],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9970359,0.0007569555,0.001384618,0.0000235307,0.00000890225,0.00002128167,0.00006549754,0.00003730634,0.0006659515],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949763,0.0006007333,0.002306441,0.00001121197,0.000002646555,0.00001091995,0.0001127732,0.00001312415,0.00196598],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002009986,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003996551,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01584128897128791,"score_gpt":0.2518047915747073,"score_spread":0.2359635026034194,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}