{"id":"W2037101823","doi":"10.1155/2014/471764","title":"Optical Scattering Properties of Intralipid Phantom in Presence of Encapsulated Microbubbles","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Photoenergy","topic":"Photoacoustic and Ultrasonic Imaging","field":"Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Erlangen Graduate School of Advanced Optical Technologies; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; Ryerson University; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Microbubbles; Imaging phantom; Materials science; Ultrasound; Scattering; Light scattering; Biomedical engineering; Contrast (vision); Integrating sphere; Optics; Transmittance; Radiology; Medicine; Optoelectronics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000234886,0.00009246093,0.0002273625,0.0002337185,0.000005587351,0.00001347037,0.000357754,0.00003598976,0.00002954127],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001426972,0.00008014713,0.00006707045,0.0000837987,0.00007766494,0.000171817,0.00003192868,0.0001273507,5.330458e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005455333,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003319976,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001110297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000152462,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989298,0.00002264393,0.0005698517,0.00006388286,0.0002819661,0.0001318472],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994466,0.00006321284,0.0001549441,0.00007131153,0.00022414,0.00003983069],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004492743,0.00004075273,0.00045678,0.00004090902,0.0000732142,0.000008193449,0.0002562784,0.114304,0.8823217,0.0001567,0.00003260803,0.002263956],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005142866,0.00003159497,0.001316678,0.0006039414,0.00001042249,0.0001152674,0.00006938221,0.07400286,0.9229589,0.0001011015,0.0001976745,0.00007790972],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9903192,0.0002432019,0.008261206,0.00004927255,0.0006178404,0.00002578164,0.00000385993,0.000009118706,0.0004705363],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983917,0.0001110705,0.001339932,0.00001825043,0.0001140864,0.000001277026,9.185244e-7,0.00001252478,0.0000101948],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04063721,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3268305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006767879574363861,"score_gpt":0.201347056918615,"score_spread":0.1945791773442511,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}