{"id":"W2037272116","doi":"10.1139/v06-127","title":"Buffer capacity in multiple chemical reaction systems involving solid phases","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Chemistry","topic":"Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Stoichiometry; Buffer (optical fiber); Chemistry; Chemical reaction; Key (lock); Chemical equilibrium; Buffer solution; Computer science; Physical chemistry; Organic chemistry; Computer security","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001169774,0.000124976,0.0001938265,0.00001716124,0.00006899926,0.00002587577,0.0001587157,0.00008807341,0.0003795348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009342646,0.0001167833,0.00007112716,0.00009672772,0.0002631071,0.0001274959,0.0000223489,0.0002479243,0.00001396526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007120371,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003633616,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01214358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00296983,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990395,0.00000870797,0.0003408099,0.0001445167,0.0001839452,0.0002824759],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994408,0.00003719252,0.0001299787,0.0000957118,0.000008881932,0.000287411],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000482875,0.00003654336,0.1512398,0.00002167591,0.000007199326,0.00007874914,0.00003482377,0.0007180967,0.845867,9.787901e-7,0.001937209,0.00005315722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009092928,0.00001861198,0.02672875,0.0001912119,0.00002879155,0.0004498544,0.0005160651,0.0008493502,0.9613895,0.0003947755,0.008102555,0.0004212024],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9900349,0.0002799663,0.0000150365,0.0001106043,0.00005331559,0.00002690068,0.000009917866,0.000003629088,0.009465767],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999186,0.00001018846,0.0000457803,0.00002910766,0.0001892533,0.00000181373,0.000004734745,0.000007956325,0.0005251077],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.124511,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9944347,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01755557251144914,"score_gpt":0.1873988230763251,"score_spread":0.1698432505648759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}