{"id":"W2037277151","doi":"10.5430/elr.v1n1p78","title":"Bilinguals and Monolinguals' Performance in English Language Learning in Nigeria","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Linguistics Research","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Neuroscience of multilingualism; Linguistics; Second language; Psychology; First language; Language transfer; Yoruba; Language assessment; Competence (human resources); Linguistic competence; Comprehension approach; Language education; Pedagogy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000842719,0.000241814,0.0002757527,0.0005915361,0.001011414,0.001018733,0.0001400589,0.0002233991,0.002008232],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001815494,0.0002005801,0.0001315754,0.0002864928,0.0005354142,0.0005461422,0.001057956,0.0003111885,0.0004558573],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004547533,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007613922,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0136617,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03119854,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996377,0.00008753519,0.00003913681,0.00005956637,0.000068284,0.000107824],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990747,0.000138247,0.0001847528,0.00002822284,0.0001517436,0.0004223587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001075889,0.001000287,0.8920536,0.00009026745,0.00001852739,0.00118213,0.07476498,0.00008619535,0.006291737,0.000316636,0.0002916836,0.02282806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002403194,0.001018176,0.9268371,0.00007431848,0.00002087189,0.0006139979,0.06831565,0.0001517089,0.001353751,0.0001412628,0.001429177,0.00001992601],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999392,0.00004730076,0.000003837276,0.000009139541,0.000002258731,0.000001442791,0.00000616197,3.699076e-7,0.0005374671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990802,0.00009375236,0.00002292143,0.000009137858,0.000001347945,0.00000274051,0.00001524839,7.628215e-7,0.0007740259],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0136617,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0271644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09686554530699175,"score_gpt":0.495018471235482,"score_spread":0.3981529259284903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}