{"id":"W2037288377","doi":"10.7202/043504ar","title":"Compensation for Non-Economic Loss, the Tort-Liability Insurance System, and the 21st Century","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Les Cahiers de droit","topic":"Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tort; Damages; Liability insurance; Tort reform; Compensation (psychology); Liability; Law; Pain and suffering; Law and economics; Business; Political science; Actuarial science; Economics; Psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002393,0.0002816713,0.0002463293,0.001733239,0.001682795,0.004825071,0.0005672746,0.002597488,0.004694086],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006066661,0.0002070693,0.0002475633,0.001611547,0.009141319,0.004466484,0.001405168,0.002130019,0.0003252479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005329023,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002287528,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01053935,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01178589,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970937,0.001601777,0.00008592876,0.0003065505,0.0006569254,0.0002550883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962896,0.002282262,0.0007977026,0.0001563227,0.0003131481,0.0001608259],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003368531,0.00000801946,0.001015382,0.00001573187,0.000002366728,0.00003466904,0.0001134823,0.0006681234,0.00001991134,0.9888875,0.0018395,0.007391902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001085405,0.00005012381,0.008893199,0.000313992,0.00001056042,0.0002538687,0.0009129391,0.003494404,0.000121613,0.8204646,0.165434,0.00003994082],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.1113168,0.1833764,0.07853708,0.166191,0.002201301,0.0000900876,0.0003624634,0.0001592491,0.4577656],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9141077,0.04186338,0.007335362,0.005455196,0.00238868,0.0000460495,0.00009012556,0.00002403702,0.02868953],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01053935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.038665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009418103529852548,"score_gpt":0.1896499117454836,"score_spread":0.1802318082156311,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}