{"id":"W2037682306","doi":"10.1139/t03-044","title":"Frost heave and pipeline upheaval buckling","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Frost heaving; Permafrost; Geotechnical engineering; Pipeline transport; Buckling; Trench; Geology; Arctic; Environmental science; Engineering; Structural engineering; Materials science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001708097,0.0002067469,0.0001365315,0.0004335021,0.000375284,0.0003802017,0.0001524127,0.0003770393,0.00275575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00140832,0.0001726042,0.0001832902,0.0001390557,0.0004990534,0.0005304124,0.0005914259,0.0003132304,0.0002223691],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003499892,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002104325,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002164317,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003332899,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997705,0.00001880635,0.000009498673,0.00003164736,0.000100614,0.00006898905],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999307,0.0002024016,0.0002765545,0.00003103855,0.0000916241,0.00009131825],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002007778,0.0003426205,0.3758209,0.0007009897,0.0001867162,0.009321518,0.001540612,0.04459765,0.3272378,0.007158175,0.00213322,0.2289519],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002466879,0.001098181,0.8955659,0.00009684538,0.00006679053,0.008506276,0.001082971,0.03487712,0.0487312,0.003662989,0.006214538,0.00007262077],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9862825,0.001035409,0.004269063,0.0001194988,0.00002474306,0.00001563991,0.00004414698,0.00003879274,0.008170173],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9981676,0.0001782493,0.0002324335,0.00001680446,0.00001254992,0.000001857292,0.00001912638,0.000003769067,0.001367581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00275575,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009218931,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02569213245337198,"score_gpt":0.222884722557792,"score_spread":0.1971925901044201,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}