{"id":"W2038069790","doi":"10.1257/aer.102.2.1161","title":"Paying a Premium on Your Premium? Consolidation in the US Health Insurance Industry","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Healthcare Policy and Management","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":290,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"Northwestern University","keywords":"Consolidation (business); Earnings; Monopsony; Health insurance; Insurance industry; Insurance premium; Exploit; Business; Indemnity; Economics; Actuarial science; Demographic economics; Health care; Labour economics; Accounting","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001583509,0.00009622116,0.0002800903,0.0009619811,0.0003248899,0.001526086,0.0004022911,0.001114587,0.005420971],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008422968,0.0001276458,0.0003147343,0.001332143,0.0009540129,0.0009990428,0.000814726,0.0009162587,0.0003291703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001310308,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009483114,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02063527,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01538605,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994184,0.0001518493,0.00004529319,0.0000716506,0.0001121275,0.0002007405],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9904384,0.002413396,0.005273282,0.0001825775,0.0006242768,0.001068121],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002785784,0.0002919087,0.9259777,0.00009866158,0.0001352704,0.0003498642,0.0004531859,0.001891611,0.000633635,0.015831,0.01000572,0.04405297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006360713,0.0001422924,0.9837547,0.0001148443,0.0001388245,0.0001891757,0.001129546,0.003288931,0.0003410636,0.004206148,0.006619415,0.0000114322],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9737322,0.004983046,0.0003128728,0.01255852,0.00004531126,0.0000190763,0.0002558586,0.000008985367,0.008084039],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976594,0.0009502157,0.00004504846,0.0006093775,0.0001097402,0.000002752839,0.00010759,0.000001497928,0.0005144208],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02063527,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04103035,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1014964154692179,"score_gpt":0.3494129127061019,"score_spread":0.2479164972368841,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}