{"id":"W2038309076","doi":"10.1016/j.powtec.2013.01.027","title":"Development of a granular normal contact force model based on a non-Newtonian liquid filled dashpot","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Powder Technology","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Collision; Coefficient of restitution; Mechanics; Contact force; Particle (ecology); Newtonian fluid; Dissipative system; Range (aeronautics); Work (physics); Discrete element method; Classical mechanics; Collision frequency; Collision response; Physics; Statistical physics; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Plasma; Collision detection; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008531829,0.0002537799,0.0003596149,0.0004669476,0.00006496374,0.00001071371,0.0003268729,0.0003332652,0.000140701],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000181767,0.0002426035,0.00008473069,0.0003093619,0.00005347405,0.00007708563,0.00004060238,0.0002649387,0.0001454401],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006198326,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006081684,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001225562,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001498911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99876,0.000007766502,0.0003816331,0.0002290558,0.0001691251,0.0004523601],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993418,0.00001881797,0.00004093964,0.0004552462,0.0000676216,0.0000755291],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006268403,0.0001034383,0.0002597549,0.0001154904,0.00006307864,0.000008239376,0.0003950319,0.004389334,0.9868141,0.0008484769,0.0005151141,0.006425236],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001030265,0.0001285652,0.0001229271,0.00004031946,0.00001288644,0.000003700233,0.0000359014,0.5564229,0.4410526,0.0001209974,0.0007953424,0.000233581],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8439532,0.0001094861,0.1520312,0.0003063412,0.00009883635,0.0004315078,0.000007781149,0.0005883533,0.00247336],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9678149,0.000004481949,0.03172448,0.0001285564,0.000009564303,0.0002054802,0.00001603356,0.00004990556,0.00004664485],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5520336,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9893084,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00621489481237111,"score_gpt":0.1946845171049918,"score_spread":0.1884696222926207,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}