{"id":"W2038601522","doi":"10.1002/fld.2064","title":"Modeling of lifting‐device aerodynamics using the actuator surface concept","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids","topic":"Wind Energy Research and Development","field":"Engineering","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure","funders":"","keywords":"Aerodynamics; Finite element method; Actuator; Computational fluid dynamics; Finite volume method; Engineering; Turbine blade; Wake; Turbine; Mechanics; Mechanical engineering; Control theory (sociology); Computer science; Aerospace engineering; Structural engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002245335,0.0004047544,0.0003147871,0.0003272238,0.0003244783,0.0008935466,0.0005440763,0.0006505204,0.001139269],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003466268,0.000163689,0.000442706,0.0001832729,0.0006614667,0.0004574193,0.0005154302,0.0003365178,0.0002789002],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001578951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004446168,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000929656,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003532163,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998417,0.00004662821,0.000006922936,0.00001572338,0.00006925977,0.0000197501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998893,0.00003796621,0.00001531884,0.00001693629,0.00002938404,0.00001106763],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005062507,0.00004328384,0.001257376,0.00007492826,0.00001544596,0.0003769903,0.00009138247,0.9217548,0.03373559,0.0277294,0.0004894039,0.01438066],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000004037038,0.00002628323,0.0001500868,0.000002986464,0.000001940792,0.00003388957,0.00001148082,0.9960803,0.001398306,0.001334228,0.0009524962,0.000003867146],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.138191,0.0003316568,0.8496957,0.0001486278,0.0001010315,0.00006145182,0.0000512164,0.0003825539,0.01103674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9509951,0.0002814358,0.04536919,0.00001922073,0.00003497571,0.00006845122,0.0000507474,0.0000324587,0.003148338],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001139269,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0038113,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05793287684369553,"score_gpt":0.4189746121025459,"score_spread":0.3610417352588504,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}