{"id":"W2038982839","doi":"10.1016/j.hydromet.2012.10.011","title":"Recovery of rare earth elements adsorbed on clay minerals: II. Leaching with ammonium sulfate","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Hydrometallurgy","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":251,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Lixiviant; Chemistry; Leaching (pedology); Ammonium sulfate; Lanthanide; Hydrometallurgy; Inorganic chemistry; Ammonium oxalate; Sulfate; Desorption; Adsorption; Ammonium; Stoichiometry; Ion; Chromatography; Soil water; Sulfuric acid; Soil science; Organic chemistry; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001672423,0.0001673376,0.0002285361,0.000174945,0.0000642443,0.00001978008,0.00008708968,0.00006289851,0.000613882],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000226163,0.0001437352,0.00005631657,0.0002244165,0.00001791587,0.0005131374,0.00001494221,0.0001550854,0.0001162432],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002149598,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001155328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001098302,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002079913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990548,0.00002848129,0.0002916714,0.0001273599,0.0002242164,0.0002734471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995572,0.00004051716,0.00008395108,0.0001872071,0.0000335504,0.00009758511],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007131459,0.00118537,0.004461681,0.0008045696,0.001266116,0.00002407222,0.002787427,0.2591201,0.6986476,0.003071498,0.0117394,0.01617897],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002102873,0.0010647,0.00542941,0.0002380022,0.0001320361,0.00007170871,0.0002446634,0.02107007,0.3591468,0.0001047557,0.6093116,0.001083313],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9445919,0.0002797449,0.001413364,0.0000375756,0.0003093308,0.0001063182,0.000006739852,0.0001754027,0.05307958],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9908472,0.00009735302,0.0009999565,0.00006893864,0.00008099497,0.0000167476,0.00003766087,0.00003718989,0.007813985],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5975723,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6721577,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01731515305431235,"score_gpt":0.2374015407492035,"score_spread":0.2200863876948911,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}