{"id":"W2040155841","doi":"10.1016/j.jdeveco.2008.01.008","title":"The fiscal impact of high-skilled emigration: Flows of Indians to the U.S.","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Development Economics","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":172,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Emigration; Counterfactual thinking; Economics; Earnings; Revenue; Fiscal policy; Fiscal year; Work (physics); Demographic economics; Macroeconomics; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009900871,0.0001592155,0.0005949326,0.0002227714,0.0002077862,0.00003129632,0.0005796268,0.0000855845,0.00006244097],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000146092,0.0001098784,0.0003080244,0.0001441458,0.00008933471,0.0002195142,0.00007730035,0.0001843394,0.00007627658],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002880442,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002812324,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008013389,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001419349,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976789,0.00001802374,0.001865309,0.000146126,0.00003494179,0.0002566743],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978363,0.0001734155,0.00153753,0.0002737295,0.000059206,0.0001198343],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000806614,0.0005095895,0.7930467,0.00006042895,0.002515157,0.00001093865,0.02290664,0.02548063,0.0000606352,0.1016397,0.04513993,0.007823078],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001379021,0.0004112563,0.9358841,0.00002999233,0.00001387304,0.000122559,0.0002471927,0.0007590334,0.0009519206,0.02517861,0.03468323,0.00033924],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9939373,0.0002851431,0.0003821329,0.001783269,0.0005316027,0.0001466882,0.00005515521,0.000002682903,0.0028761],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973322,0.0003316129,0.001762477,0.0001569957,0.0002360607,0.000005209834,0.000003173249,0.00001687752,0.00015538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1428374,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.448071,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02404292469846864,"score_gpt":0.2153822362430078,"score_spread":0.1913393115445392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}