{"id":"W2040159171","doi":"10.2134/jeq2005.0027","title":"Upflow Reactors for Riparian Zone Denitrification","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Quality","topic":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto and Region Conservation Authority; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Riparian zone; Denitrification; Particle (ecology); Environmental engineering; Chemistry; Environmental science; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental chemistry; Nitrogen; Geology; Ecology; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008440626,0.0001360191,0.0001942383,0.0000518143,0.0001448001,0.00002643415,0.0002543972,0.00006143935,0.001065196],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003174948,0.0001242259,0.0001578362,0.0001065196,0.0001709344,0.0004462012,0.0000732547,0.0001207153,0.000188925],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006076319,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005590539,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001949923,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005230675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983473,0.0001002171,0.0006783208,0.0001881528,0.0004514492,0.0002345011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990316,0.00007426011,0.0005615061,0.0002374872,0.000004940016,0.00009018713],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002685055,0.002104968,0.5467802,0.0000239228,0.0001021545,0.0000125351,0.000351444,0.001683757,0.3832026,0.001589435,0.05547283,0.008407731],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008096105,0.0001107501,0.8577075,0.000004615746,0.0000625078,0.00001104239,0.0001180362,0.00006552816,0.003463358,0.001362044,0.136108,0.0001770651],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9703498,0.00005943558,0.02650501,0.0004408698,0.0002281525,0.0002674373,0.0000372236,0.00001374132,0.002098255],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9909043,0.00001176458,0.006367904,0.00009379868,0.0001736624,0.000009366363,0.00002422776,0.00001532058,0.002399692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3797392,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998479,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01831510165492782,"score_gpt":0.2476471109383419,"score_spread":0.2293320092834141,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}