{"id":"W2040169207","doi":"10.1021/ie061360j","title":"Hydrodynamic Observations of Trickle Beds under Filtration Conditions","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research","topic":"Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Media","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Pressure drop; TRICKLE; Filtration (mathematics); Suspension (topology); Superficial velocity; Trickle-bed reactor; Drop (telecommunication); Packed bed; Flow (mathematics); Two-phase flow; Deposition (geology); Mechanics; Materials science; Chemistry; Chromatography; Geology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000941589,0.0001517008,0.0001936341,0.0001728478,0.00006960261,0.00002594202,0.0002287287,0.0003400086,0.000141593],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002585203,0.000177593,0.00006710248,0.0008763914,0.00007345209,0.0001208853,0.00001960648,0.0008563268,0.00000980768],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002053568,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00011062,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003301004,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007635841,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983817,0.00001384338,0.0004160574,0.0001679835,0.0004902703,0.0005301962],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989489,0.0004501724,0.00001420701,0.0002555728,0.0001447605,0.0001864168],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006782352,0.00003068252,0.000104537,0.00009303143,0.00004116939,0.000006093947,0.00008104796,0.05478089,0.9431508,0.000219403,0.001132885,0.0003526908],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000685827,0.00002631559,0.00131226,0.00008625527,0.00001630691,0.000008224061,0.0001521343,0.02142665,0.9732994,0.0000949856,0.002673656,0.000218011],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9931827,0.00008541276,0.00210309,0.00007767994,0.0003935952,0.0002260974,0.0000630123,0.0002654103,0.003603062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987997,0.00002473116,0.0000757096,0.000002173713,0.0005372863,0.00003231465,0.0001645115,0.00004272926,0.0003208773],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03335424,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7242031,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1106300817999353,"score_gpt":0.3292452834107669,"score_spread":0.2186152016108315,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}