{"id":"W2040439750","doi":"10.1021/ef901168f","title":"Torrefaction of Agriculture Residue To Enhance Combustible Properties","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":428,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Combustion; Bagasse; Pulp and paper industry; Heat of combustion; Coal; Husk; Water content; Briquette; Biomass (ecology); Raw material; Chemistry; Moisture; Waste management; Materials science; Pyrolysis; Agronomy; Organic chemistry; Botany","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001472359,0.000439719,0.0003127705,0.0002573924,0.0001455205,0.0002407046,0.0001756154,0.0002095044,0.0009586141],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001065407,0.0001101699,0.0003726112,0.0002458191,0.0001406096,0.0003041408,0.0001579464,0.0003068144,0.0002325269],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002021606,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001452617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00113613,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003216201,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998709,0.00001230514,0.000007097393,0.00002733372,0.00004775294,0.00003448432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999956,0.000007036691,0.00001510433,0.000004475725,0.00001284703,0.000004410421],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004370284,0.00001123865,0.0002766407,0.00007028508,0.000006494052,0.00005604775,0.00001530014,0.000159206,0.9972878,0.00002121631,0.00001493101,0.0020371],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002625655,0.0001355005,0.005198241,0.00000503091,0.00001023236,0.00008978233,0.00003981423,0.0005009665,0.9928253,0.00001280712,0.001175479,0.000004373403],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9954023,0.000976457,0.002512798,0.00001684557,0.00001388639,0.00001309439,0.0001236245,0.00002890722,0.0009120136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9949026,0.0007787404,0.002734112,0.00001948618,0.000003565812,0.000008936991,0.0002035703,0.00002082674,0.001328166],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00113613,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003206909,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005361858613560123,"score_gpt":0.1938589800052501,"score_spread":0.18849712139169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}