{"id":"W2040439750","doi":"10.1021/ef901168f","title":"Torrefaction of Agriculture Residue To Enhance Combustible Properties","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":428,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University; University of Guelph","funders":"","keywords":"Torrefaction; Combustion; Bagasse; Pulp and paper industry; Heat of combustion; Coal; Husk; Water content; Briquette; Biomass (ecology); Raw material; Chemistry; Moisture; Waste management; Materials science; Pyrolysis; Agronomy; Organic chemistry; Botany","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002877681,0.0000998452,0.000112044,0.00004014961,0.00002291039,0.00001097635,0.0001472246,0.0001000029,0.0001628762],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003224221,0.0000776056,0.00002747419,0.0001831465,0.0000214657,0.00009691137,0.00002793288,0.0001041272,0.00003163983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001464399,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009443851,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000572084,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00008086293,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995053,0.00000522211,0.0001260807,0.0001195364,0.0001127623,0.0001310282],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996707,0.00001479378,0.00002199341,0.0001580078,0.00006659167,0.00006787733],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000008396169,0.00001038803,0.00002056526,0.00005225871,0.00001060313,5.269027e-7,0.0000812576,0.0001064905,0.9930542,0.0002124652,0.003226263,0.003216551],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003873184,0.00001631781,0.0001095407,0.00002519923,0.000004810114,0.00000160706,0.00003239615,0.000005368516,0.9792315,0.00006089992,0.02036505,0.0001085673],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956432,0.0002169395,0.0003040243,0.0001001815,0.0004332149,0.00003631803,0.000003357017,0.0001868607,0.003075929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979377,0.00002327693,0.0004531722,0.00004758226,0.00008616661,0.00001435142,0.000003903271,0.00001426043,0.001419531],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01713878,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3164665,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005361858613560123,"score_gpt":0.1938589800052501,"score_spread":0.18849712139169,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}