{"id":"W2040442527","doi":"10.1126/science.1165919","title":"Why Peer Discussion Improves Student Performance on In-Class Concept Questions","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science","topic":"Innovative Teaching Methods","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":950,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","keywords":"Class (philosophy); Mathematics education; Peer instruction; Outcome (game theory); Psychology; Peer group; Peer feedback; Social psychology; Computer science; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003025882,0.0005228105,0.000864033,0.0003822137,0.0004215017,0.001379193,0.0006133386,0.001305129,0.01319497],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02831891,0.0001556153,0.0004354888,0.0002224195,0.0003190551,0.001311382,0.0008304778,0.001033507,0.002761205],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002814893,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006243825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008682267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0009162448,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973907,0.00122771,0.0001557974,0.000566617,0.0004525511,0.0002067061],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9707795,0.02097764,0.002433839,0.001988193,0.001393903,0.002426884],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01063674,0.02799707,0.08172635,0.001680267,0.0005135422,0.0004881242,0.00828145,0.00481005,0.1564007,0.001764987,0.0203787,0.685322],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003624596,0.06512156,0.5041967,0.0007910667,0.001748369,0.001424868,0.007584607,0.04588736,0.2839493,0.01648748,0.06872908,0.0004549818],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9838502,0.0003288865,0.003479156,0.001032325,0.0001886694,0.0001461188,0.0001044743,0.000456906,0.01041324],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886526,0.000171677,0.00398096,0.0001364244,0.00007995867,0.0001161005,0.0001307622,0.00006958136,0.00666181],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01319497,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04414159,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03185660731990432,"score_gpt":0.4229076388682416,"score_spread":0.3910510315483373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}