{"id":"W2040995786","doi":"10.1017/jfm.2015.39","title":"Determining the relative stability of leading-edge vortices on nominally two-dimensional flapping profiles","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Fluid Mechanics","topic":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research","keywords":"Vorticity; Vortex; Particle image velocimetry; Mechanics; Physics; Particle tracking velocimetry; Flapping; Velocimetry; Leading edge; Classical mechanics; Thermodynamics; Turbulence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001590332,0.0001776202,0.000366605,0.0001241902,0.00006363889,0.00002386088,0.0002847879,0.00009843601,0.00003758699],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003460172,0.0001155517,0.0001497163,0.0001709776,0.000027751,0.0002166797,0.00005157599,0.0003775989,0.0000155428],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001049311,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001021513,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001201093,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002037233,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983645,0.000108324,0.0006927889,0.0001151906,0.0005118262,0.0002073881],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986455,0.0002584964,0.0003252339,0.0002065938,0.0004236765,0.0001404271],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004834509,0.0002041276,0.0002182867,0.0001769658,0.0003311976,0.000034321,0.003621507,0.01135305,0.9516898,0.01695899,0.00223578,0.01269248],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001318709,0.001158025,0.00008338168,0.0002995327,0.0001432628,0.00004668439,0.0003990061,0.1285765,0.8572363,0.009893654,0.0006019179,0.0002430312],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850204,0.0004308835,0.01192776,0.0001942602,0.001661783,0.0001795967,0.00000691285,0.00002803305,0.0005503906],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9905082,0.00001354431,0.00919608,0.00005090611,0.0001769933,0.000002526331,0.000001125323,0.00002548331,0.00002512128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1172234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4712063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04316303154650193,"score_gpt":0.2570336062564116,"score_spread":0.2138705747099097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}