{"id":"W2041091698","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.08.010","title":"Laboratory calibration of upward looking sonars for measuring suspended frazil ice concentration","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","topic":"Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Backscatter (email); Sonar; Volume (thermodynamics); Calibration; Environmental science; Geology; Materials science; Remote sensing; Physics; Oceanography; Engineering; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003893301,0.00006970175,0.0001068083,0.0001547173,0.0003605302,0.00001670948,0.000216792,0.00008618451,0.00003031969],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001644118,0.00006143446,0.00001419006,0.0007212849,0.001221557,0.0003543665,0.00001838567,0.00007666083,0.000001427319],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000008452359,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002702266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001152155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002225709,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992228,0.00001161876,0.0001487185,0.0002197195,0.0001670924,0.0002301112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994178,0.00004744506,0.0001001116,0.0001418816,0.0002390702,0.00005363661],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006283288,0.00005924062,0.6583584,0.00008543187,0.00002307716,0.000009309827,0.001885786,0.0000610486,0.02094082,0.290319,0.0001774108,0.02801766],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003283198,0.002443001,0.1276489,0.0003749062,0.0002413965,0.0001579455,0.02397785,0.3749244,0.2943473,0.1614649,0.009471584,0.001664616],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9850848,0.0001755383,0.01170183,0.0008094566,0.0002082927,0.0003377248,0.00001994691,0.00008171198,0.001580727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956806,0.00006584606,0.004134492,0.00007300673,0.00001400438,0.000003206502,0.000003650415,0.000001837108,0.00002333872],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5307095,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4500879,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02315532191921332,"score_gpt":0.210625076221593,"score_spread":0.1874697543023797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}