{"id":"W2041152491","doi":"10.2355/isijinternational.51.573","title":"Physical and Mathematical Modelling of Inert Gas Shrouding in a Tundish","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"ISIJ International","topic":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":48,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Shroud; Tundish; Ladle; Water model; Turbulence; Mechanics; Bubble; Volume of fluid method; Materials science; Compressibility; Flow (mathematics); Continuous casting; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy; Engineering; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00004973813,0.00005779578,0.0001019332,0.00004664471,0.000004694637,0.000006576887,0.00008079356,0.00002377458,0.0001219923],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001003869,0.00005063444,0.0000245551,0.00004130536,0.00002146478,0.00009541941,0.00002456514,0.00006958586,0.000006343586],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001366421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00000233623,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001154013,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003227622,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996286,0.000003135761,0.0001342147,0.00006869261,0.00009549783,0.00006988083],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998733,0.00002853536,0.00001514483,0.00004266266,0.00001738985,0.0000229963],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005195854,0.0003683718,0.0007189034,0.0003002749,0.0001663151,0.00002666057,0.005155278,0.2136907,0.00359435,0.7717481,0.00001116555,0.004167999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001168386,0.000006708959,0.0001786927,0.00003423407,0.00000308818,0.000004493348,0.00002471907,0.9366428,0.0002374955,0.06268423,0.00001751628,0.00004920306],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7896866,0.00002502824,0.1777118,0.000008430891,0.00004893434,0.00002379001,0.000002275998,0.00001919274,0.03247394],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974078,0.00002973688,0.002489497,0.000004736435,0.00003391751,0.000003391122,0.000001867641,0.000009340459,0.00001972028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7229521,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2064812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03877578968531357,"score_gpt":0.2287249653765153,"score_spread":0.1899491756912018,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}