{"id":"W2041906489","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-6419.2006.00269.x","title":"THE ECONOMIC THEORY OF VERTICAL RESTRAINTS","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Economic Surveys","topic":"Merger and Competition Analysis","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Vertical restraints; Resale price maintenance; Franchise; Upstream (networking); Economics; Vertical integration; Market power; Bargaining power; Downstream (manufacturing); Consumer welfare; Industrial organization; Microeconomics; Unit (ring theory); Welfare; Market structure; Business; Market economy; Marketing; Monopoly; Operations management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006257998,0.0001103428,0.0004848776,0.0001983566,0.00008319397,0.00005949746,0.0003801034,0.00005998499,0.002032864],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001059038,0.00009582741,0.0003843451,0.00005261437,0.0001376446,0.0001637831,0.00003115207,0.0001416985,0.0005196711],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002231768,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009284585,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002244298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002188905,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978758,0.0001992865,0.001551505,0.0001500091,0.00002732109,0.0001960859],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983178,0.0005191449,0.0007793781,0.000280037,0.00003358356,0.00007008657],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005054439,0.00004876492,0.06800363,0.000004970054,0.0002393772,0.000003392624,0.00003335837,0.00263724,0.0000248368,0.9232664,0.004256869,0.001430691],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001207281,0.0001474429,0.4197185,0.00001648689,0.0000408176,0.00003979009,0.0001758224,0.002595205,0.0005167426,0.542816,0.03241486,0.000311092],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9250507,0.001905447,0.004523763,0.0006013511,0.001523005,0.00005844934,0.00007128761,0.000006539788,0.0662595],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982976,0.0002883762,0.00007658359,0.00003473423,0.0003297374,0.000001310014,0.000003176768,0.00001360275,0.0009548797],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3804504,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9988794,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02872139662550778,"score_gpt":0.2304423944750688,"score_spread":0.201720997849561,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}