{"id":"W2042329572","doi":"10.1163/15692108-12341250","title":"Half a Century of Education Progress in Sub-Saharan Africa (1960-2010)","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"African and Asian Studies","topic":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Montréal; UNESCO Institute for Statistics","funders":"","keywords":"Independence (probability theory); Comparability; Colonialism; Economic growth; Politics; Political science; Higher education; Quality (philosophy); Sociology; Development economics; Economics; Law; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001650788,0.00009153783,0.0001810241,0.0000969524,0.0002703402,0.00003386214,0.0001107886,0.00003902351,0.00003096466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006176147,0.00007825677,0.00003024437,0.0003272277,0.0004406454,0.0001877382,0.00002252045,0.00005991326,0.00001231943],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005409166,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002073032,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001387168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002031223,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991747,0.00009441385,0.0001719026,0.000167322,0.0001621863,0.0002294417],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995517,0.00004391083,0.00009006095,0.0001032589,0.0001311402,0.00007991972],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001122383,0.0006698418,0.1461331,0.0001057889,0.00009186219,6.913504e-7,0.4373638,4.745159e-8,0.00002622665,0.01187292,0.07238761,0.3313369],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001705998,0.00003839173,0.425397,0.0000944134,0.00001788975,4.49364e-7,0.2515844,7.231872e-7,0.00002364368,0.002942276,0.3195716,0.0001585777],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6176682,0.1626715,0.000001036901,0.03183541,0.00108247,0.0008549595,0.00001142574,0.00005644407,0.1858186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986581,0.01204619,0.00008022143,0.00005177273,0.0001428565,0.00008060873,0.000002583102,0.000005645174,0.001009084],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3689128,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3191218,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01795200605008574,"score_gpt":0.2829813538026533,"score_spread":0.2650293477525676,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}