{"id":"W2042408352","doi":"10.3115/1614108.1614144","title":"Stating with certainty or stating with doubt","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Topic Modeling","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":44,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Certainty; Statement (logic); Computer science; Focus (optics); Annotation; Perspective (graphical); Psychology; Epistemology; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007362155,0.000646219,0.0003883964,0.001256134,0.001434434,0.003193524,0.0007251795,0.00124086,0.003230322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06104955,0.000291254,0.0004302385,0.001021026,0.005362177,0.006025703,0.003420641,0.001785623,0.0005256708],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000867694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008116385,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006494676,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005701898,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9889147,0.005537268,0.001301852,0.001353137,0.002439646,0.0004534358],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9422268,0.03734108,0.01123926,0.004607887,0.003783422,0.0008014038],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001528493,0.00008422335,0.03626734,0.002628182,0.0001977133,0.001535396,0.18487,0.002135408,0.02843464,0.5573784,0.007983847,0.1769563],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008056324,0.0005675795,0.05282787,0.001981497,0.0003829839,0.005141482,0.08967781,0.01359621,0.02563523,0.6186179,0.1910045,0.0004863476],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6049598,0.003776735,0.2595407,0.00890594,0.001067192,0.0004159566,0.001068803,0.0008236318,0.1194412],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9858272,0.0003601264,0.01150553,0.0004068505,0.0001780187,0.0000761557,0.0001729674,0.00005541238,0.001417632],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007362155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03893524,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02540446789412427,"score_gpt":0.265012034913693,"score_spread":0.2396075670195687,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}