{"id":"W2042426607","doi":"10.1086/319041","title":"The Search for Cosmological Black Holes: A Surface Brightness Variability Test","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Astrophysical Journal","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Victoria","funders":"","keywords":"Gravitational microlensing; Dark matter; Quasar; Galaxy; Population; Surface brightness; Universe; Redshift","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006202618,0.0004062211,0.0006358345,0.001021055,0.0007562462,0.00148545,0.001398108,0.001880443,0.005448481],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04081834,0.0001926155,0.0007903087,0.0009780681,0.003105524,0.002325105,0.001792973,0.001342938,0.0003739776],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002389592,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003588988,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006749418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004123207,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974313,0.001308491,0.00009114581,0.0004662001,0.000424285,0.00027856],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9183774,0.06201373,0.01161168,0.003856461,0.0008076669,0.003333078],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001797805,0.0003983286,0.9523267,0.00006470513,0.000724828,0.0009929917,0.0006624157,0.001370596,0.003912618,0.01554063,0.001015026,0.02119331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004577541,0.001376731,0.8997387,0.00003935257,0.0003937718,0.002536299,0.001548403,0.02984321,0.002836877,0.0588019,0.002367374,0.00005975908],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913191,0.0003329862,0.002611428,0.002111906,0.00002094019,0.00001658655,0.0002009303,0.00002364553,0.00336249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991838,0.00003149626,0.0003476987,0.0001440741,0.00006064124,0.00000658406,0.00007718715,0.000005285762,0.0001431295],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006202618,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.032803,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01502071442561786,"score_gpt":0.2464279681920149,"score_spread":0.2314072537663971,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}