{"id":"W2042427380","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0064311","title":"Humans Strengthen Bottom-Up Effects and Weaken Trophic Cascades in a Terrestrial Food Web","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Alberta Innovates; University of Alberta; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canadian Wildlife Federation; Parks Canada; Alberta Ecotrust Foundation; Shell Canada; Alberta Beef Producers; University of Calgary; University of Alberta; Alberta Conservation Association","keywords":"Forage; Food web; Predation; Ecology; Canis; Biology; Livestock; Vegetation (pathology); Ecosystem; Grazing; Apex predator; Trophic level; Geography; Animal science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001091135,0.0005345441,0.0004295807,0.00119263,0.000633363,0.001598376,0.0002518626,0.0003946543,0.003055473],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002777581,0.0003963169,0.0005229237,0.0006301846,0.001435439,0.0006063562,0.001179574,0.0004618046,0.0003101501],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005608262,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007323254,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01656131,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05166295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993213,0.000191619,0.00002676918,0.0001329831,0.000179886,0.0001474016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9977209,0.0005925065,0.0006979207,0.0003041128,0.0002716121,0.0004129073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002445915,0.0001089774,0.9302012,0.0001404081,0.001024138,0.000391806,0.001362972,0.002073353,0.01770947,0.003019706,0.0008546574,0.04286875],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005609101,0.0001013851,0.9950832,0.00001990899,0.0001409432,0.00006921314,0.0003516351,0.001252572,0.0004914543,0.001681761,0.0007893281,0.00001312955],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912901,0.0004204906,0.001733708,0.0002428412,0.000008879185,0.00001163111,0.00007800679,0.00006207328,0.006152296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984421,0.0001596589,0.0007697201,0.00008746235,0.00000883752,0.00000246488,0.00002742523,0.000004759998,0.0004976013],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01656131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03292978,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02233086028906232,"score_gpt":0.1931828785429318,"score_spread":0.1708520182538694,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}