{"id":"W2042692852","doi":"10.1016/j.tust.2008.10.002","title":"Stability analysis of vertical excavations in hard rock by integrating a fracture system into a PFC model","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology","topic":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":79,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Fracture (geology); Flexibility (engineering); Stability (learning theory); Rock mass classification; Particle flow; Excavation; Geotechnical engineering; Geology; Flow (mathematics); Stress (linguistics); Complex fracture; Finite element method; Discrete element method; Computer science; Structural engineering; Engineering; Mechanics; Mathematics; Geometry; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001546861,0.0001737271,0.0004484624,0.0005192404,0.0001198745,0.00001225223,0.0001221486,0.0003028273,0.000002615545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004731173,0.0001721878,0.00006696053,0.0009425133,0.00003507844,0.00007923596,0.00003894154,0.0003841095,7.173874e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001463301,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002849869,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002356157,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000371595,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989641,0.00001640082,0.0003750727,0.0002758917,0.0001134917,0.0002550323],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995057,0.00007253395,0.00003828487,0.0002715786,0.00006033529,0.00005156074],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000083116,0.00004030231,0.0009748376,0.0001002493,0.0001814621,0.00000360543,0.001144569,0.9398019,0.03638515,0.02122763,0.00003614337,0.0000958111],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001753429,0.00002542119,0.00002098549,0.00004788466,0.0001049935,0.000005627969,0.00194102,0.9886698,0.005497699,0.003337061,0.00002052236,0.0001536687],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5014359,0.0004271293,0.4977221,0.0001310369,0.00001643679,0.00005328241,0.000002508159,0.0001708788,0.00004066313],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9930943,0.0002384974,0.006587863,0.00001168712,0.000006266598,0.00001741392,0.000009860282,0.00002122434,0.00001286428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4916584,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7021614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01525472853470021,"score_gpt":0.2153984954126066,"score_spread":0.2001437668779064,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}