{"id":"W2042803707","doi":"10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.07.016","title":"Early stopping of randomized clinical trials for overt efficacy is problematic","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":131,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Medical Research Council; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","keywords":"Interim; Early stopping; Randomized controlled trial; Medicine; Clinical trial; Continuation; Value (mathematics); Psychology; Statistics; Surgery; Computer science; Internal medicine; Political science; Mathematics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_broad","research_integrity"],"category_scores_codex":[0.7116801,0.001235493,0.1424842,0.0005452954,0.00009887572,0.0000207975,0.002112829,0.005106661,0.0003319116],"category_scores_gemma":[0.9957683,0.0007120731,0.05165835,0.000438782,0.002870858,0.0001104542,0.0003422781,0.005786564,0.00003912541],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009119835,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002384023,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000004255064,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":2.392182e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.3030878,0.4908485,0.2012637,0.001838769,0.001421862,0.001539354],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.02468161,0.8570171,0.1142141,0.001464805,0.001647716,0.0009747071],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.02480862,0.001512129,0.00004648993,0.01987514,0.01002899,0.00003092429,0.00003375307,9.856021e-7,2.988948e-8,0.03889812,0.03250574,0.8722591],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.08905655,0.001991956,0.00002519243,0.02766567,0.01493404,0.000157187,0.00000319795,0.00009459011,1.200999e-7,0.6750852,0.1904946,0.0004917021],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00002139534,0.6702763,0.3141324,0.0009336229,0.007410335,0.006841601,0.0001986932,0.00003061171,0.0001550585],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000001411154,0.5460726,0.4488303,0.0005171989,0.0042666,0.0001084401,0.000002895254,0.0001051184,0.00009538569],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8717674,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998428,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.963934586630097,"score_gpt":0.7795635393828945,"score_spread":0.1843710472472025,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}