{"id":"W2043060077","doi":"10.1103/physreve.78.041304","title":"Velocity fluctuations in dense granular flows","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"Granular flow and fluidized beds","field":"Engineering","cited_by":16,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Sichuan University of Science and Engineering","keywords":"Statistical physics; Crossover; Flow (mathematics); Physics; Phase transition; Distribution (mathematics); Falling (accident); Flow velocity; Limit (mathematics); Mechanics; Mathematics; Classical mechanics; Mathematical analysis; Condensed matter physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007750001,0.0001207835,0.0002878728,0.00003103673,0.00003926786,0.000003968496,0.0001031106,0.00002131319,0.00004200881],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00005922945,0.0001096955,0.0001238493,0.0003200061,0.00002360674,0.00007403822,0.00001428186,0.0001575719,0.0004050102],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003116913,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000121054,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007629243,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000007477026,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993472,0.00003062644,0.0001753961,0.0001194185,0.0001423436,0.0001850907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996552,0.00003729972,0.000009058654,0.0002105101,0.00002065171,0.00006721322],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004551818,0.002588129,0.005743805,0.01796515,0.0003399626,0.001090948,0.005013919,0.006267724,0.4836561,0.0347009,0.08843075,0.3541571],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003645063,0.0001520271,0.06135609,0.005053816,0.000424556,0.0001604943,0.00001703687,0.5028031,0.02963617,0.02009655,0.3736463,0.00300876],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9618112,0.03311572,0.002267223,0.0001510874,0.000121202,0.0003329161,0.000006893041,0.0001968346,0.001996929],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9782215,0.02097962,0.0004042945,0.0001951974,0.0001013124,0.00005413096,0.00001454619,0.00002063845,0.000008783202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4965354,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5205722,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01755538451519257,"score_gpt":0.2551089430510677,"score_spread":0.2375535585358751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}