{"id":"W2043244359","doi":"10.1103/physreva.68.041802","title":"How to measure the duration of subfemtosecond xuv laser pulses using asymmetric photoionization","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review A","topic":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université de Sherbrooke","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Attosecond; Laser; Extreme ultraviolet; Asymmetry; Photoionization; Atomic physics; Pulse duration; Polarization (electrochemistry); Ultrashort pulse; Optics; Linear polarization; Pulse (music); Detector; Ionization; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003178604,0.0001526051,0.0001922202,0.0004050439,0.0001455479,0.0003199894,0.0004698455,0.0003936041,0.0008435204],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001239599,0.0001553619,0.00008569285,0.0002601073,0.0002616255,0.0006470414,0.0002080134,0.0004684714,0.0002978423],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002292421,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000246123,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000217362,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002985288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998842,0.00001773764,0.00000628588,0.00003393626,0.00004565769,0.00001205078],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994493,0.0002311927,0.0001109588,0.0000769652,0.00009103456,0.00004051764],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001852832,0.00002369975,0.005660863,0.0001027958,0.00001704096,0.00005323094,0.00005460117,0.002170615,0.9411575,0.004709082,0.000151964,0.04571342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000020942,0.0001977687,0.01170924,0.00001632421,0.00002106136,0.0004920296,0.00005594251,0.05381326,0.9263128,0.004303549,0.003015184,0.00004178102],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7151752,0.001601738,0.2788303,0.0002074161,0.0001053491,0.00005694259,0.000368813,0.0004353305,0.003219107],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8757623,0.0007774489,0.1221741,0.00006304859,0.00002520738,0.00009680685,0.0001759071,0.00004380579,0.0008813502],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008435204,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002821863,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02797863581046284,"score_gpt":0.3051743574031058,"score_spread":0.277195721592643,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}