{"id":"W2043511193","doi":"10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.15-17.643","title":"On the Physical Meaning of the Hall-Petch Constant","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Advanced materials research","topic":"Microstructure and mechanical properties","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Grain boundary strengthening; Constant (computer programming); Shear modulus; Condensed matter physics; Lattice constant; Grain boundary; Work (physics); Meaning (existential); Materials science; Lattice (music); Grain size; Statistical physics; Thermodynamics; Physics; Psychology; Quantum mechanics; Composite material; Computer science; Microstructure","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001203716,0.0001230235,0.0002234961,0.00003047001,0.0003546348,0.00009409103,0.0006464184,0.00004629399,0.0007987508],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000451731,0.00005457485,0.00004955132,0.0001799326,0.0005173979,0.00008565896,0.0003141176,0.0001813463,0.0001410216],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004027628,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006573667,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002344716,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003118158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978331,0.00051564,0.0002693205,0.0002697426,0.0006707706,0.0004413897],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986135,0.0005064373,0.00009033017,0.0005652176,0.0001932382,0.00003130803],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001068899,0.00002967608,7.698947e-7,0.00002014675,0.000001786419,0.000001249932,0.0000886199,0.00004116474,0.7755772,0.2234585,0.0005561232,0.0001177594],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00015433,0.00008301029,0.00002289094,0.00006397937,0.000002795152,0.000002550347,0.00009866892,0.000006755259,0.8644496,0.1341541,0.0008980281,0.0000633184],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9913588,0.0000490044,0.00002229321,0.0007725651,0.0003781147,0.0004199626,0.00004619968,0.00002532135,0.006927722],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989469,0.000008177858,0.0001340859,0.0001016227,0.0001460145,0.00003976456,0.000001716578,0.00001767951,0.0006040527],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08930442,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8745762,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04250624010658107,"score_gpt":0.3269932174525117,"score_spread":0.2844869773459306,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}