{"id":"W2043677338","doi":"10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000220","title":"Shear Band Formation Observed in Ring Shear Tests on Sandy Soils","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":117,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Golder Associates (Canada)","funders":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ministère de l'Enseignement supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation","keywords":"Shearing (physics); Shear (geology); Shear band; Geotechnical engineering; Shear stress; Simple shear; Direct shear test; Geology; Triaxial shear test; Critical resolved shear stress; Materials science; Shear rate; Softening; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003774889,0.0003433144,0.0002596329,0.000450733,0.0002770614,0.0002333333,0.0001732431,0.0002299568,0.001170284],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007413261,0.0001848149,0.0001716455,0.0001999517,0.0004660826,0.000201979,0.0003338404,0.0002868309,0.0002044151],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001522033,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001227409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008098685,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00189685,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997774,0.00002940341,0.00001935238,0.0000431471,0.00007836056,0.00005252432],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991513,0.0001574958,0.0003047272,0.0000961593,0.0001681251,0.0001221182],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004626508,0.000024591,0.01160165,0.00003480938,0.00001174178,0.0002292235,0.0002481988,0.0003025011,0.9837593,0.00003019257,0.00003800571,0.003257148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001316028,0.001182031,0.09875801,0.000008779162,0.00002678258,0.000330565,0.0003180274,0.0009955821,0.8979256,0.00002842876,0.0003991811,0.00001382925],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9991141,0.00005871606,0.0005539451,0.000004104438,0.000003005403,0.000005400633,0.0000284818,0.00001357667,0.0002186959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999056,0.00002946845,0.0004791941,0.00000608247,0.000001436955,0.000004228686,0.00004813876,0.000005636513,0.0003697489],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001170284,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003914952,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008590216987971262,"score_gpt":0.1822278974714424,"score_spread":0.1736376804834711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}