{"id":"W2044473260","doi":"10.2351/1.1585087","title":"Three-dimensional finite element modeling of laser cladding by powder injection: Effects of powder feedrate and travel speed on the process","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Laser Applications","topic":"Additive Manufacturing Materials and Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":120,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Materials science; Powder coating; Laser; Finite element method; Laser power scaling; Coating; Cladding (metalworking); Thermal; Metal powder; Composite material; Metallurgy; Optics; Structural engineering; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003041861,0.0003479609,0.0004028904,0.0002659707,0.000291412,0.0005883522,0.0007404047,0.001001511,0.001179924],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000705612,0.0004576218,0.0005867922,0.0001770238,0.0004797717,0.0004589017,0.0002453978,0.0003883918,0.0002690386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005825196,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008577798,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005296325,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003884884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998733,0.00002151475,0.000008408729,0.00001790203,0.0000632294,0.00001565475],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999732,0.0001378805,0.0000373226,0.00002932965,0.00004927114,0.00001430695],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003809343,0.00002767001,0.000586769,0.00002785011,0.000005977699,0.00004104494,0.00005626622,0.9798268,0.01505719,0.001230569,0.00005879209,0.003042884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00000241322,0.000006823656,0.00008312986,0.000001809502,0.000001555657,0.000008746629,0.000004134784,0.9975776,0.002071037,0.00006979812,0.0001707423,0.000002230804],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2542248,0.0001813402,0.7391791,0.0001428952,0.00003445115,0.00008238984,0.0002455417,0.0005474741,0.005361948],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9239117,0.0002440968,0.07107354,0.00002526573,0.000006164055,0.0001429722,0.0002082706,0.00007513282,0.004312932],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.005296325,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01053101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01102339990768653,"score_gpt":0.2270148127884173,"score_spread":0.2159914128807308,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}