{"id":"W2044646247","doi":"10.1080/09500340.2011.605961","title":"Observer detection and discrimination performance as a function of clutter: a signal detection approach","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Modern Optics","topic":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","field":"Neuroscience","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Clutter; Constant false alarm rate; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Observer (physics); Computer vision; Detection theory; Detection threshold; Target acquisition; False alarm; Achromatic lens; Orientation (vector space); Pattern recognition (psychology); Detector; Physics; Mathematics; Optics; Radar; Telecommunications","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003010806,0.00009177765,0.0001295633,0.0001489331,0.0001095285,0.00003056228,0.00007861356,0.00008034748,0.0000203009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006235478,0.00007753082,0.00005167497,0.000122843,0.00004892859,0.000571291,0.00002031494,0.0001968819,0.000002808334],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003675853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002509444,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002870818,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00000241896,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999093,0.00006841456,0.0003136403,0.0001237989,0.0002990483,0.0001020769],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993266,0.00001906081,0.0003852624,0.00006613333,0.0001437959,0.00005914958],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003724083,0.0001175535,0.00004660769,0.00007835992,0.000004605471,9.49202e-7,0.001833038,0.0002351825,0.8473122,0.00007261762,5.943741e-7,0.1499259],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005848625,0.001955191,0.008255064,0.0000588213,0.00007128222,0.0002970038,0.0002821129,0.2130786,0.7711664,0.004121885,0.00001089114,0.000117843],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7090202,0.00001885188,0.2903057,0.00000629055,0.000156825,0.00004785072,4.532216e-7,0.000009538414,0.0004342357],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979904,0.00009924931,0.00168489,0.00007604079,0.00007122538,0.000001807236,1.925825e-7,0.00001180647,0.00006444621],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2889701,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3161615,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1029258995612225,"score_gpt":0.2740013443696347,"score_spread":0.1710754448084122,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}